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Standard Swedish (''standardsvenska'', ''rikssvenska'') denotes Swedish as a spoken and written standard language. While Swedish as a written language is uniform and standardized, the spoken standard may vary considerably from region to region. Several prestige dialects have developed around the major urban centers of Stockholm, Helsinki, Gothenburg and Malmö-Lund. == ''Rikssvenska'' and ''högsvenska'' == In Swedish, the terms ''rikssvenska'' "Realm Swedish" and ''högsvenska'' "High Swedish" are used in Sweden and Finland respectively, particularly by non-linguists, and both terms are ambiguous. The direct translation of ''standardsvenska'' "Standard Swedish" is less common and primarily used in scholarly contexts. In certain (mostly Finland-related) contexts, ''rikssvenska'' has come to mean all Swedish as spoken in Sweden as opposed to the Finland Swedish spoken in Finland. For speakers in Sweden, this term however often, perhaps primarily, indicates "non-dialectal" (spoken) Swedish. The term Sweden Swedish (''sverigesvenska'') is sometimes used instead, as a parallel to the term Finland Swedish. There is, however, no common agreement on how ''rikssvenska'' should sound. What appears as ''rikssvenska'' to one Swede may appear dialectal to another. (Etymologically, ''"riks-"'' is a compound form that is a cognate of the German ''Reich''.) National Swedish TV and radio news broadcasts that are often produced in Stockholm have historically preferred commentators speaking what is seen as ''rikssvenska'', though this has gradually been relaxed. The definition of ''högsvenska'' (literally "High Swedish") was formerly the same as for ''rikssvenska,'' i.e. the most prestigious dialect spoken in (the capital of) Sweden. During the 20th century, its meaning changed and it now denotes the prestige dialect of the Swedish speakers in Helsinki. Until the late 19th/early 20th century, Swedish was the primary language of status, government, and education in Finland, although spoken as a first language by a relatively small minority. Since the 1970s, both domestic languages have been mandatory subjects for all Finnish pupils in primary and secondary schools, although the requirement to include Swedish in the upper-secondary final examination was dropped in 2004. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Standard Swedish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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